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1 Manuel I, king
(1469-1521)King Manuel I, named "The Fortunate" in Portuguese tradition, ruled from 1495 to 1521, the zenith of Portugal's world power and imperial strength. Manuel was the 14th king of Portugal and the ninth son of Infante Dom Fernando and Dona Brites, as well as the adopted son of King João II (r. 1481-95). Manuel ascended the throne when the royal heir, Dom Afonso, the victim of a riding accident, suddenly died. Manuel's three marriages provide a map of the royal and international history of the era. His first marriage (1497) was to the widow of Dom Afonso, son of King João II, late heir to the throne. The second (1500) was to the Infanta Dona Maria of Castile, and the third marriage (1518) was to Dona Leonor, sister of King Carlos V (Hapsburg emperor and king of Spain).Manuel's reign featured several important developments in government, such as the centralization of state power and royal absolutism; overseas expansion, namely the decision in 1495 to continue on from Africa to Asia and the building of an Asian maritime trade empire; and innovation and creativity in culture, with the emergence of the Manueline architectural style and the writings of Gil Vicente and others. There was also an impact on population and demography with the expulsion or forcible conversion of the Jews. In 1496, King Manuel I approved a decree that forced all Jews who would not become baptized as Christians to leave the country within 10 months. The Jews had been expelled from Spain in 1492. The economic impact on Portugal in coming decades or even centuries is debatable, but it is clear that a significant number of Jews converted and remained in Portugal, becoming part of the Portuguese establishment.King Manuel's decision in 1495, backed by a royal council and by the Cortes called that year, to continue the quest for Asia by means of seeking an all-water route from Portugal around Africa to India was momentous. Sponsorship of Vasco da Gama's first great voyage (1497-99) to India was the beginning of an era of unprecedented imperial wealth, power, and excitement. It became the official goal to create a maritime monopoly of the Asian spice trade and keep it in Portugal's hands. When Pedro Álvares Cabral's voyage from Lisbon to India was dispatched in 1500, its route was deliberately planned to swing southwest into the Atlantic, thus sighting "The Land of the Holy Cross," or Brazil, which soon became a Portuguese colony. Under King Manuel, the foundations were laid for Portugal's Brazilian and Asian empire, from Calicut to the Moluccas. Described by France's King Francis I as the "Grocer King," with his command of the mighty spice trade, King Manuel approved of a fitting monument to the new empire: the building of the magnificent Jerónimos Monastery where, after his death in 1521, both Manuel and Vasco da Gama were laid to rest. -
2 царь
1) библ. (титул предводителей войск, князей колен и городов, правителей народа или народов; царь Ассирийский называется великим царем ( the great king); царю Вавилонскому приписывается титул царя царей ( a king of kings)) kingЦарь Израилев библ. (имя, которым народ приветствовал в Вербное воскресенье Иисуса при его въезде в Иерусалим) — the King of Israel
Царь Иудейский библ. (титул, которого Иисус не присваивал себе, но к-рый стал центральным пунктом в обвинениях против него и лёг в основу приговора) — the King of the Jews
Царь небесный — the King of Heaven, the Heavenly King
"Царю Небесный, Утешителю, Душе истины, Иже везде сый и вся исполняяй, сокровище благих и жизни подателю, прииди и вселися в ны, и очисти ны от всякия скверны, и спаси, Блаже, души наша" (молитва Св. Духу) ц.-сл. — "O Heavenly King, the Comforter, the Spirit of Truth, Who art everywhere and fillest all things, Treasury of blessings and Giver of life; come and abide in us and cleanse us from every impurity, and save, O Gracious One, our souls"
Царь Славы библ. — the King of Glory
"Царь царем" (икона, изображающая Христа в богатых византийских императорских и архиерейских одеждах; означает царь всех царей) — The King of Kings
Царь царствующих и Господь господствующих библ. — the King of kings, and the Lord of lords
2) czar, tsar -
3 Царь Иудейский
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4 Царь Иудейский
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5 Царь иудейский
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6 יהודי
יְהוּדִיm. (b. h.) Judaean, Jew (mostly in a religious sense), worshipper of one God. Meg.12b קרי ליה י׳ אלמא מיהודהוכ׳ he is called Yhudi (Esth. 2:5), which would indicate that he belongs to the tribe of Judah, and yet he is called ish ymini ?, v. נִימוֹס. Ib. 13a ואמאי … י׳ … שכל הכופר בע״ז נקרא י׳ but why is he designated as Yhudi? Because he disowned idolatry; for whosoever disowns idolatry, is called a Jew (ref. to Dan. 3:12); Esth. R. to II, 5 לפי שייהד … נקרא י׳ לומר י׳ יחירי because he professed the unity of God, he was called Yhudi, meaning to say, a Yhudi, a believer in One God. Ex. R. s. 42 אתה סבור … או י׳ או צלוב thou thinkest that calling Israel ‘persistent is meant for blame; it is meant for their praise, either a Jew or hanged. Meg. l. c. מאכל י׳ Jewish food (in accordance with the Jewish dietary laws); a. e.Pes.113b י׳, read with Mss. a. early ed. מי; Yeb.63a כל י׳, read אדם.Pl. יְהוּדִים. Esth. R. to III, 9. Ib. to VIII, 8 שונאי הי׳ the enemies of the Jews. Ib. 15 מלך … על הי׳ Mardecai was made king of the Jews; a. fr. Fem. יְהוּדִיָּה, יְהוּדִית. Meg. l. c. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 7); Yalk. Esth. 1052 (ref. to 1 Chr. 4:18) אמאי קרי לה י׳ why is she (Bithya, the daughter of Pharaoh) called Yhudiyah (a Jewess)?Esth. R. to III, 1 אם אסתר י׳ היאוכ׳ Esther is a Jewess, opp. גויה.Keth.VII, 6 (72a, sq.) דת י׳, v. דַּת. -
7 יְהוּדִי
יְהוּדִיm. (b. h.) Judaean, Jew (mostly in a religious sense), worshipper of one God. Meg.12b קרי ליה י׳ אלמא מיהודהוכ׳ he is called Yhudi (Esth. 2:5), which would indicate that he belongs to the tribe of Judah, and yet he is called ish ymini ?, v. נִימוֹס. Ib. 13a ואמאי … י׳ … שכל הכופר בע״ז נקרא י׳ but why is he designated as Yhudi? Because he disowned idolatry; for whosoever disowns idolatry, is called a Jew (ref. to Dan. 3:12); Esth. R. to II, 5 לפי שייהד … נקרא י׳ לומר י׳ יחירי because he professed the unity of God, he was called Yhudi, meaning to say, a Yhudi, a believer in One God. Ex. R. s. 42 אתה סבור … או י׳ או צלוב thou thinkest that calling Israel ‘persistent is meant for blame; it is meant for their praise, either a Jew or hanged. Meg. l. c. מאכל י׳ Jewish food (in accordance with the Jewish dietary laws); a. e.Pes.113b י׳, read with Mss. a. early ed. מי; Yeb.63a כל י׳, read אדם.Pl. יְהוּדִים. Esth. R. to III, 9. Ib. to VIII, 8 שונאי הי׳ the enemies of the Jews. Ib. 15 מלך … על הי׳ Mardecai was made king of the Jews; a. fr. Fem. יְהוּדִיָּה, יְהוּדִית. Meg. l. c. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 7); Yalk. Esth. 1052 (ref. to 1 Chr. 4:18) אמאי קרי לה י׳ why is she (Bithya, the daughter of Pharaoh) called Yhudiyah (a Jewess)?Esth. R. to III, 1 אם אסתר י׳ היאוכ׳ Esther is a Jewess, opp. גויה.Keth.VII, 6 (72a, sq.) דת י׳, v. דַּת. -
8 титло
мн. ч., см. титло1) (заголовок, титул, надпись) title2) ( заглавная краткая надпись) (short) titleтитла на Кресте (по приказанию Пилата на Крест, над головою распятого Иисуса Христа, была прибита надпись: I.Х.Ц.I. - Iисус Христос Царь Iудейский; на некоторых русских памятниках эти титла изображались как: Iс. Хс. Царь славы I.N.R.I. (сокр. от лат. Iesus (Jesus) Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum, англ. Jesus the Nazarene, the King of the Jews)) — the title on the Cross [a crucifix]
3) (знак сокращения в ц.-сл. письме; ставится над священными словами для указания на их святость и скрытую в них Божественную тайну и премудрость; слова под титлом пишутся сокращённо, а читаются полностью) titlo -
9 Иисус Назорей
Religion: Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum ( 1. Latin for "Jesus of Nazareth the King of the Jews", writing on a title that Pilate put on the cross. Jn:19:19-20; 2. In Cristian art, inscription on paintings depicting the Crucifiction) -
10 Иисус Назорей
Religion: Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum ( 1. Latin for "Jesus of Nazareth the King of the Jews", writing on a title that Pilate put on the cross. Jn:19:19-20; 2. In Cristian art, inscription on paintings depicting the Crucifiction) -
11 Иисус Назорей, Царь Иудейский
библ.(надпись на кресте, на котором распяли Христа) Jesus the Nazarene, the King of the Jews, лат. Iesus Nasarenus Rex Iudaeorum, сокр. INRIРусско-английский словарь религиозной лексики > Иисус Назорей, Царь Иудейский
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12 David
Dāvīd, m. indecl., or vīdis ( gen. David, Aus. Ephem. 3, 84:Davidis,
Juvenc. 1, 151; acc. -vīda, Juvenc. 2, 577:David,
Vulg. 2 Reg. 23, 16), the second king of the Jews, and principal author of the Book of Psalms, Tert. adv. Jud. 9 et 12; Vulg. Ruth 4, 17 et saep.—Hence, Dāvīdĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to David:urbs,
Sedul. Carm. 4, 42:lyra,
Cassiod. Var. 2, 20. -
13 Davidicus
Dāvīd, m. indecl., or vīdis ( gen. David, Aus. Ephem. 3, 84:Davidis,
Juvenc. 1, 151; acc. -vīda, Juvenc. 2, 577:David,
Vulg. 2 Reg. 23, 16), the second king of the Jews, and principal author of the Book of Psalms, Tert. adv. Jud. 9 et 12; Vulg. Ruth 4, 17 et saep.—Hence, Dāvīdĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to David:urbs,
Sedul. Carm. 4, 42:lyra,
Cassiod. Var. 2, 20. -
14 Saul
Săūl, ūlis, or indecl. m., the first king of the Jews, Alcim. ad Sor. 435; Paul. Nol. Carm. 13, 601; Vulg. 1 Reg. 9, 2; id. Act. 13, 21; gen. Saulis, id. Isa. 10, 29; dat. Sauli, id. Psa. 51, 1; acc. Saulem, id. 1 Reg. 15, 35. -
15 Iesus Nazerenus Rex Iudaeorum
Abbreviation: INRA (Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Iesus Nazerenus Rex Iudaeorum
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16 Иисус Назарянин Царь Иудейский
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Иисус Назарянин Царь Иудейский
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17 Jesús Nazareno Rey de los Judíos
• I.N.R.I.• Jesus of Nazareth King of the JewsDiccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > Jesús Nazareno Rey de los Judíos
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18 Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum
• (INRI)• Jesus of Nazareth, King of the JewsLatin Quotes (Latin to English) > Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum
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19 Jesus von Nazareth, König der Juden
(I.N.R.I.)Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews (I.N.R.I.)Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch > Jesus von Nazareth, König der Juden
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20 New Christians
Term applied to Portuguese of Jewish descent who had been converted to Christianity after the 1496 expulsion of Jews law of King Manuel I. Jews had settled in Portugal since the early years of the monarchy, and by the late 15th century, a significant minority of Jews was dominant in agriculture, medicine, crafts, finance, and government. Part of King Manuel's marriage contract with a Spanish princess decreed the expulsion of Jews in Portugal, following what had occurred in Spain in 1492. Those persons who had converted to Christianity after the 1496 expulsion law in order to avoid having to leave Portugal were termed "New Christians" (Cristãos-Novos) to distinguish them from "Old Christians," the remainder of the Christian population. For centuries thereafter, New Christians suffered persecution and discrimination in Portugal, both at the hands of the Inquisition (after 1536) and from other sectors of society. It was not until the laws passed by the Marquis de Pombal regime in the 1770s that official discrimination in holding public office in Portugal was ended in the case of the New Christians. Some New Christians only formally adopted Catholicism and as "Crypto-Jews" practiced corrupted forms of Judaic belief in remote provincial towns such as Belmonte, in Beira Alta province. Such practices continued into the 20th century
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См. также в других словарях:
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